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中国现代史复习资料——论述题(2)

  • 2026-02-12 06:30:46
中国现代史复习资料——论述题(2)
怎样理解社会主义制度在中国确立是历史和人民的选择？

答：

1953年，中国共产党领导中国人民开始对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业进行社会主义改造。到1956年底基本完成，生产资料私有制已经转变为社会主义公有制，我国正式建立社会主义制度，进入社会主义初级阶段。

▲ 农民加入生产合作社

（1）社会主义性质的国营经济力量相对来说比较强大，它是实现国家工业化的主要基础。而国家的社会主义工业化，是国家独立和富强的当然要素和必要条件。
（2）资本主义经济力量弱小，发展困难，不可能成为中国工业起飞的基础。
（3）对个体农业进行社会主义改造，是保证工业发展，实现国家工业化的一个必要条件。
（4）当时的国际环境也促使中国选择社会主义。
总之，这一选择是十分必要的、完全正确的。通过这一选择，中国共产党创造性的完成了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡，实现了中国历史上最伟大、最深刻的社会变革，开始了在社会主义道路上实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史征程。

▲ 公私合营

三大改造是对哪三个行业进行改造？ 对资本主义工商业改造的形式是什么？实行了什么政策？为什么是创举？ 三大改造的完成有哪些重大意义？ 
答：
三大行业：

农业、手工业、资本主义工商业；

改造形式：

公私合营。

政策：

赎买政策。

原因：
按全行业公私合营时资本家的资本发给定息，支付10年，每年5％的定息。这就相当于即有代价地把剥削阶级的生产资料收归国有，这种赎买政策，实现了和平过渡，是中国社会主义改造的创举。
意义：
实现了生产资料私有制向社会主义公有制的转变；社会主义基本制度在我国建立起来。这是中国历史上最深刻的社会变革。我国从此进入社会主义初级阶段。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000513s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=i_67808;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000843s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000282s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000328s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000492s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000242s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000504s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 460247 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.006213s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770856674 WHERE `id` = 460247 [ RunTime:0.013185s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.008425s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460247 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001935s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 460247 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002003s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460247 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.005621s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460247 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001161s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460247 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.006390s ]
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